UML統(tǒng)一建?；A(chǔ)教程

目 錄
前言
第 1章建?；A(chǔ)知識(shí) ···················· 1
1.1  軟件工程概述 ·····························1
1.1.1  軟件工程的產(chǎn)生 ··············1
1.1.2  軟件工程的內(nèi)容和基本原理 ······················3
1.1.3  現(xiàn)代軟件工程 ··················4
1.2  建模概述 ·························4
1.2.1  什么是模型 ······················4
1.2.2  建模的原理 ······················5
1.2.3  為什么要建模 ··················6
1.2.4  建模的目標(biāo)和原則 ··········7
1.3  UML概述···································7
1.3.1  UML的起源和發(fā)展 ········8
1.3.2  UML的主要特點(diǎn) ············9
1.3.3  UML的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ············9
1.3.4  UML的模型種類(lèi) ··········10
1.4  擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ························15
第 2章面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù) ·················· 16
2.1  面向?qū)ο蟮幕局R(shí) ···············16
2.1.1  類(lèi)的含義 ························17
2.1.2  消息和事件 ····················17
2.1.3  面向過(guò)程 ························18
2.2  面向?qū)ο蟮奶卣?·······················19
2.2.1  抽象 ·······························19
2.2.2  封裝 ·······························20
2.2.3  繼承 ·······························21
2.2.4  多態(tài) ·······························22
2.3  面向?qū)ο蟮拈_(kāi)發(fā) ·······················22
2.3.1  系統(tǒng)調(diào)查和需求分析 ····23
2.3.2  面向?qū)ο蠓治?················23
2.3.3  面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì) ················26
2.3.4  面向?qū)ο髮?shí)現(xiàn) ················27
2.4  基于 UML的面向?qū)ο蠼?·····29
2.5  擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ···································29
第 3章建模工具 Rational Rose ·· 30
3.1  Rational Rose的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) ········30
3.2  Rational Rose的安裝 ················32
3.3  Rational Rose的使用 ················34
3.3.1  Rational Rose的啟動(dòng)界面 ····························34
3.3.2  Rational Rose的主界面 ·36
3.3.3  Rational Rose的常用操作 ····························41
3.4  Rational Rose的 4種視圖模型 50
3.4.1  用例視圖 ························51
3.4.2  邏輯視圖 ························55
3.4.3  部署視圖 ························60
3.4.4  構(gòu)件視圖 ························61
3.5  利用 Rational Rose生成代碼 ···63
3.5.1  生成代碼的方法 ············63
3.5.2  逆向工程 ························68
3.6  擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ···································69
第 4章初識(shí) UML ························ 71
4.1  UML的構(gòu)成 ·····························71
4.1.1  視圖 ·······························71
4.1.2  圖 ···································72
4.2  模型元素 ···································74
4.2.1  事物 ·······························74
4.2.2  關(guān)系 ·······························78
4.3  通用機(jī)制 ···································79
4.3.1  規(guī)格說(shuō)明 ························79
4.3.2  UML的修飾 ··················79
4.3.3  通用劃分 ························80
4.4  UML中的擴(kuò)展機(jī)制 ·················80
4.4.1  體系結(jié)構(gòu) ························81
4.4.2  構(gòu)造型 ····························85
4.4.3  標(biāo)記值 ····························88
4.4.4  約束 ·······························89
4.5  對(duì)象約束語(yǔ)言 ···························91
4.5.1  OCL概述·······················91
4.5.2  OCL的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類(lèi)型 ···········92
4.5.3  OCL的表達(dá)式···············97
4.5.4  OCL的應(yīng)用···················98
4.6  擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ···································99
第 5章用例圖 ··························· 100
5.1  用例圖的概念 ·························100
5.1.1  參與者 ··························100
5.1.2  用例 ·····························102
5.2  參與者之間的關(guān)系 ·················103
5.3  用例的確定 ·····························104
5.3.1  識(shí)別用例 ······················104
5.3.2  用例粒度 ······················105
5.3.3  用例規(guī)約 ······················105
5.3.4  用例間的關(guān)系類(lèi)型 ······106
5.4  系統(tǒng)邊界 ·································109
5.5  繪制用例圖 ·····························110
5.5.1  創(chuàng)建用例圖 ·················· 111
5.5.2  繪制參與者 ··················112
5.5.3  繪制用例 ······················114
5.5.4  繪制用例和參與者的關(guān)系 ··························115
5.5.5  繪制用例間的關(guān)系 ······116
5.6  用例圖建模實(shí)例——圖書(shū)管理系統(tǒng)用例圖 ············117
5.6.1  需求分析 ······················117
5.6.2  識(shí)別參與者 ··················117
5.6.3  識(shí)別用例 ······················118
5.6.4  構(gòu)建用例模型 ··············119
5.7  擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ·································120
第 6章類(lèi)圖和對(duì)象圖 ················ 122
6.1  類(lèi)圖 ········································122
6.1.1  類(lèi)圖的概念 ··················122
6.1.2  類(lèi)的組成 ······················123
6.1.3  類(lèi)的類(lèi)型 ······················128
6.1.4  類(lèi)的構(gòu)造型 ··················128
6.2  類(lèi)圖中的關(guān)系 ·························130
6.3  類(lèi)圖到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的轉(zhuǎn)換 ·············134
6.3.1  基本映射轉(zhuǎn)換 ··············134
6.3.2  類(lèi)到表的轉(zhuǎn)換 ··············136
6.3.3  關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)換 ··················139
6.3.4  完整性與約束驗(yàn)證 ······140
6.3.5  父表的約束 ··················140
6.3.6  子表的約束 ··················141
6.4  對(duì)象圖 ·····································141
6.4.1  對(duì)象圖的概念 ··············141
6.4.2  對(duì)象圖中的對(duì)象 ··········142
6.4.3  對(duì)象圖中的鏈 ··············143
6.5  繪制類(lèi)圖 ·································143
6.5.1  類(lèi)圖和類(lèi)的繪制 ··········143
6.5.2  類(lèi)關(guān)系的繪制 ··············152
6.6  繪制對(duì)象圖 ·····························154
6.7  類(lèi)圖和對(duì)象圖的建模實(shí)例——圖書(shū)管理系統(tǒng) ·················155
6.7.1  確定系統(tǒng)中的類(lèi) ··········155
6.7.2  確定類(lèi)的屬性和操作 ··156
6.7.3  確定類(lèi)的關(guān)系 ··············157
6.7.4  根據(jù)類(lèi)圖繪制對(duì)象圖 ··158
6.8  擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ·································158
第 7章包圖······························· 160
7.1  包圖的概念 ·····························160
7.1.1  模型的組織結(jié)構(gòu) ··········160
7.1.2  包和包圖 ······················161
7.2  包的構(gòu)成 ·································162
7.2.1  包的名稱(chēng) ······················163
7.2.2  包的元素 ······················163
7.2.3  包的可見(jiàn)性 ··················163
7.2.4  包的構(gòu)造型 ··················164
7.2.5  包的子系統(tǒng) ··················165
7.3  包圖中的關(guān)系 ·························166
7.3.1  依賴(lài)關(guān)系 ······················166
7.3.2  泛化關(guān)系 ······················168
7.4  包的嵌套 ·································168
7.5  繪制包圖 ·································169
7.5.1  包的創(chuàng)建 ······················169
7.5.2  包中類(lèi)的添加 ··············171
7.5.3  繪制包的關(guān)系 ··············172
7.6  包圖的建模實(shí)例——圖書(shū)管理系統(tǒng)包圖 ··············172
7.6.1  確定包的分類(lèi) ··············172
7.6.2  確定包的關(guān)系 ··············173
7.7  擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ·································173
第 8章序列圖 ··························· 174
8.1  序列圖的概念 ·························174
8.2  序列圖的組成 ·························175
8.2.1  對(duì)象 ·····························175
8.2.2  生命線(xiàn) ··························176
8.2.3  激活 ·····························177
8.2.4  消息 ·····························177
8.3  序列圖的對(duì)象行為 ·················179
8.3.1  創(chuàng)建與銷(xiāo)毀對(duì)象 ··········179
8.3.2  分支與從屬流 ··············180
8.4  繪制序列圖 ·····························180
8.4.1  創(chuàng)建序列圖 ··················181
8.4.2  創(chuàng)建對(duì)象 ······················182
8.4.3  繪制和設(shè)置消息 ··········184
8.4.4  繪制生命線(xiàn) ··················186
8.4.5  銷(xiāo)毀對(duì)象 ······················188
8.5  序列圖的建模實(shí)例——系統(tǒng)管理員添加圖書(shū)序列圖 ·················188
8.5.1  需求分析 ······················188
8.5.2  確定序列對(duì)象 ··············189
8.5.3  完成序列建模 ··············190
8.6  擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ·································190
第 9章協(xié)作圖 ··························· 193
9.1  協(xié)作圖的概念 ·························193
9.2  協(xié)作圖的組成 ·························195
9.2.1  對(duì)象 ·····························195
9.2.2  消息 ·····························195
9.2.3  鏈 ·································196
9.3  繪制協(xié)作圖 ·····························196
9.3.1  協(xié)作圖的創(chuàng)建 ··············197
9.3.2  對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建 ··················198
9.3.3  鏈和消息的創(chuàng)建 ··········200
9.3.4  序列圖和協(xié)作圖的轉(zhuǎn)換 ·····························201
9.4  協(xié)作圖的建模實(shí)例——系統(tǒng)管理員添加圖書(shū)協(xié)作圖 ···················201
9.4.1  創(chuàng)建協(xié)作圖的步驟 ······202
9.4.2  需求分析 ······················202
9.4.3  確定協(xié)作圖元素 ··········202
9.4.4  確定元素之間的關(guān)系 ··203
9.4.5  創(chuàng)建完整的協(xié)作圖 ······203
9.5  擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ·································204
第 10章活動(dòng)圖 ························· 206
10.1活動(dòng)圖的概念 ·······················206
10.2活動(dòng)圖的組成元素 ···············208
10.2.1 動(dòng)作狀態(tài) ····················208
10.2.2 活動(dòng)狀態(tài) ····················208
10.2.3 組合狀態(tài) ····················209
10.2.4 分支與合并 ················209
10.2.5 分叉與結(jié)合 ················210
10.2.6 泳道 ···························211
10.2.7 對(duì)象流 ························211
10.3活動(dòng)圖的繪制 ·······················213
10.3.1 創(chuàng)建活動(dòng)圖 ················214
10.3.2 繪制初始和終止?fàn)顟B(tài) 215
10.3.3 繪制動(dòng)作狀態(tài) ············215
10.3.4 繪制活動(dòng)狀態(tài) ············216
10.3.5 繪制泳道 ····················218
10.3.6 繪制轉(zhuǎn)換 ····················219
10.3.7 繪制分支 ····················220
10.4活動(dòng)圖的建模實(shí)例——借閱者借書(shū)活動(dòng)圖 ····················221
10.4.1 確定需求分析 ············221
10.4.2 確定用例路徑 ············222
10.4.3 完成活動(dòng)圖創(chuàng)建 ········223
10.5擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ·······························223
第 11章?tīng)顟B(tài)圖 ························· 225
11.1狀態(tài)圖的概念 ·······················225
11.1.1狀態(tài)機(jī)························225
11.1.2狀態(tài)圖························226
11.2狀態(tài)圖的組成 ·······················228
11.2.1狀態(tài)····························228
11.2.2轉(zhuǎn)換····························231
11.2.3判定····························234
11.2.4同步····························235
11.2.5事件····························236
11.2.6初始狀態(tài)和終止?fàn)顟B(tài) ·237
11.3狀態(tài)圖的繪制 ·······················237
11.3.1創(chuàng)建狀態(tài)圖 ················238
11.3.2繪制初始和終止?fàn)顟B(tài) ·239
11.3.3繪制狀態(tài) ····················239
11.3.4繪制轉(zhuǎn)換 ····················240
11.3.5繪制事件 ····················241
11.3.6繪制動(dòng)作 ····················241
11.3.7繪制監(jiān)護(hù)條件 ············242
11.4狀態(tài)圖的建模實(shí)例——圖書(shū)狀態(tài)圖 ····················243
11.4.1確定狀態(tài)間的實(shí)體 ····243
11.4.2確定狀態(tài)圖中實(shí)體的狀態(tài) ························243
11.4.3確定相關(guān)事件 ············244
11.5擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ·······························244
第 12章構(gòu)件圖和部署圖 ··········· 246
12.1構(gòu)件圖的概念 ·······················246
12.1.1 構(gòu)件 ···························246
12.1.2 接口 ···························249
12.1.3 關(guān)系 ···························250
12.2構(gòu)件圖的繪制 ·························251
12.2.1 創(chuàng)建構(gòu)件圖 ················251
12.2.2 創(chuàng)建構(gòu)件 ····················253
12.2.3 繪制構(gòu)建關(guān)系 ············254
12.3部署圖的概念 ·······················254
12.4部署圖的組成 ·······················255
12.4.1 節(jié)點(diǎn) ···························255
12.4.2 連接 ···························256
12.4.3 設(shè)備 ···························256
12.5部署圖的繪制 ·······················257
12.5.1 繪制節(jié)點(diǎn) ····················257
12.5.2 設(shè)置節(jié)點(diǎn) ····················258
12.5.3 繪制連接 ····················260
12.6構(gòu)件圖和部署圖的建模實(shí)例——圖書(shū)管理系統(tǒng) ···············261
12.6.1 確定系統(tǒng)構(gòu)件圖 ········261
12.6.2 確定系統(tǒng)部署圖 ········262
12.7擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ·······························264
第 13章  Rational統(tǒng)一過(guò)程········ 265
13.1軟件開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程的概念 ···········265
13.2 Rational統(tǒng)一過(guò)程的概念 ·····266
13.3 Rational統(tǒng)一過(guò)程的結(jié)構(gòu) ·····268
13.3.1 核心工作流 ················269
13.3.2 迭代開(kāi)發(fā)模式 ············270
13.4 Rational統(tǒng)一過(guò)程的最佳實(shí)現(xiàn) ···························271
13.4.1 軟件變更控制 ············271
13.4.2 軟件質(zhì)量驗(yàn)證 ············271
13.4.3 建立可視化的軟件模型 ··························272
13.4.4 基于構(gòu)件的架構(gòu)應(yīng)用 272
13.4.5 需求管理 ····················273
13.4.6 迭代式軟件開(kāi)發(fā) ········274
13.5 Rational統(tǒng)一過(guò)程的開(kāi)發(fā)模型 ····························275
13.5.1 動(dòng)態(tài)開(kāi)發(fā) ····················275
13.5.2 靜態(tài)開(kāi)發(fā) ····················280
13.5.3 面向架構(gòu)的過(guò)程 ········281
13.6 Rational統(tǒng)一過(guò)程的配置和實(shí)現(xiàn) ························283
13.6.1 Rational統(tǒng)一過(guò)程的配置 ···················284
13.6.2 Rational統(tǒng)一過(guò)程的實(shí)現(xiàn) ························284
13.7擴(kuò)展練習(xí) ·······························285
第 14章學(xué)籍管理系統(tǒng) ·············· 286
14.1系統(tǒng)需求分析 ·······················286
14.2系統(tǒng)建模 ·······························288
14.2.1 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)用例模型 ····289
14.2.2 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)模型 ····291
14.2.3 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型 ····294
14.2.4 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)部署模型 ····305
附錄 A 新聞發(fā)布系統(tǒng) ················· 308
A.1  需求分析 ································308
A.2  系統(tǒng)建模 ································308
A.3  創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型 ················310
A.4  創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)部署模型 ················313
附錄 B 網(wǎng)上教學(xué)系統(tǒng) ················· 315
B.1 需求分析 ································315
B.2 系統(tǒng)建模 ································315
B.3 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型 ·················318
B.4 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)部署模型 ·················320
附錄 C 網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物商店 ················· 321
C.1 需求分析 ································321
C.2 系統(tǒng)建模 ································322
C.3 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型 ·················324
C.4 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)部署模型 ·················326
附錄 D 汽車(chē)租賃系統(tǒng) ················· 328
D.1  需求分析 ································328
D.2  系統(tǒng)建模 ································328
D.3  創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型 ················330
D.4  創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)部署模型 ················333
附錄 E 超市管理系統(tǒng) ················· 335
E.1 需求分析 ································335
E.2 系統(tǒng)建模 ································335
E.3 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型 ·················338
E.4 創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)部署模型 ·················34